Staff Contributors
Guest Contributors

That infrastructure thing

Congestion pricing might come in handy

Posted by Ryan Avent (Guest Contributor) at 9:16 AM on 12 May 2008

Speaking of our crumbling public facilities, CBO Director Peter Orszag testified in Congress on Friday and detailed the country's infrastructure needs. They are dire, in some cases. He notes in a related blog post (yes, the CBO director has a blog):

Although capital spending on transportation infrastructure already exceeds $100 billion annually, studies from the Federal Highway Administration, the Federal Aviation Administration, and elsewhere suggest that it would cost roughly $20 billion more per year to keep transportation services at current levels. Those studies also suggest that substantially more than $20 billion in additional capital spending per year on transportation -- and perhaps as much as $80 billion per year or so -- would be justified on economic grounds if well targeted (because such spending would generate benefits whose value would exceed its cost).

This is a fairly standard analysis. There are other important things to keep in mind, however.

Orszag continues:
•The estimates for highways, for example, assume no expansion in the use of congestion pricing -- that is, tolls that are higher during peak times and lower during off-peak times.

•The Federal Highway Administration, though, estimates that widespread implementation of congestion pricing would reduce the investment needed to maintain the highway system by $20 billion annually.

I'm not sure whether congestion pricing would generate savings because it raises revenue, because it reduces wear, or because fewer new highways would be needed ("needed," I should say). It's quite possible a bit of all three. In any event, congestion pricing would increase demand for transit, it would increase demand for housing in central and walkable places, and it would cut carbon emissions. And of course, those savings, or the revenues from congestion pricing, could be used to help fund a new generation of transit systems to handle changing demand patterns. (Keep in mind, $20 billion is over ten times as much as is currently spent by the federal government on transit each year.)

This is a sound way forward that addresses energy use and prices, congestion, emissions, and infrastructure needs all at once. All we need is for our political leaders to sign on.

It would spur exurbian growth


It would also make businesses consider relocating to the exurbian cities where most of their employees live.   Already, government is moving many agencies to places like Kent, WA where there is ample and affordable space away from high priced rents in the decaying inner city of Seattle.

I like "congestion" pricing because it makes the inner city start to bear more of the weight that it causes the lighter and less costly exurbian cities.

Texeme.Construct(function(x)=Participation(x))

2 billion a year on transit

by the Feds?  How pathetic.  I understand that the Federal government used to fund 80% of local transit expansions, now they just finance 50%.  But with such a low level of support, maybe it doesn't matter too much.  Can you imagine if it was 20 billion?

Bailo -- doesn't Kent have a downtown?

Other way around...

It would also make businesses consider relocating to the exurbian cities where most of their employees live.

It's more likely that the employees would move closer to the business, not the other way around.  'Specially in areas where the employees are so spread out that a change in business location would only bring it closer to a few people, and not the majority of their employee base.

Tasermons and Bailo --

I heard this from another fellow who I was discussing this with a while back: that the businesses are going to the exurbs, and somehow that would be more efficient.  As I've discussed with Bailo before, the problem is that the exurbs are spread out, so that the employees of a particular firm are not grouped together -- so it would be like putting a business on a circle, and the employees would probably live at different points on the circle, so that the average drive would be half the circumference.  Whereas if the employees and businesses are all in a central district, the average commute is relatively small.  Since this is the second time I've heard this idea, I'm wondering if there is someone on the Right who is pushing this.

If Kent has a downtown, then it is really more like a town than an exurb -- a town is a whole different thing, because it allows for a central business district.

Latitude and Longitude

so that the employees of a particular firm are not grouped together

Yes, but in the hub system, you get exponential density towards the hub, and exponential inefficiency.

With travel along the "circle" you get linear densities.

If Kent has a downtown, then it is really more like a town than an exurb

Kent Down Town is more symbolic than functional.  It has the vestiges of the Old Town plus a lot of good shops and restaurants (probably the best sushi bar in the Puget Sound is Sushi Kuine in downtown Kent).

The commercial areas are more along the major aterials such as West Valley Highway, Kent Kangley Road, Benson, and so on...

Whereas if the employees and businesses are all in a central district, businesses are all in a central district, the average commute is relatively small.

Sigh.   Surely you don't work for a living?   Otherwise you would know of 2 hour commutes from Bothell to Seattle each and every day.

Since this is the second time I've heard this idea, I'm wondering if there is someone on the Right who is pushing this.

I'm on the Right and I'm pushing it.   You can take off your tinfoil hat now.

Texeme.Construct(function(x)=Participation(x))

Dense cities are better...

Sigh.   Surely you don't work for a living?   Otherwise you would know of 2 hour commutes from Bothell to Seattle each and every day.

Whereas if you lived in the burbs and it took ya the same amount of time to get to work, not only would the wait be frustratin', but so would the extra milage, wear on the car, and gas used that wouldn't be as bad in a central location.

Walkable and bikable cities are the best option, because things are located close together.  Less gas used, less resources spent on building ever-firther out roads, utilities, more police and fire to cover the greater distances, less land taken from agriculture and wilderness.

Plus, dense cities usually foster more sense of community and place than burbs do.  People know each other, and see their neighbors every day, whereas in the burbs, most people just get up, drive off, drive back, and only see neighbors when mowin' a lawn or at an organized event.

Dense cities also foster more of laid-back atmosphere, as opposed to burbs, which support an atmosphere of emptiness or indifference.  Dense cities are more likely to have walk-in and independent resturaunts, people are more likely to support small independent shops, know their children's friends and teachers, and support community efforts and coalitions.

Bailo --

I actually walk a few minutes to work.  In NYC, I took a subway a few minutes to work.  Times do not increase exponentially as you get into the central business district -- or at least, they shouldn't if the transit is good.  Even Times Square, which is overrun with pedestrians, is not that difficult for a pedestrian to navigate.  The major financial firms have congregated there because its easy to get to, it minimizes the travel times for their employees and customers.

I'm glad that Kent has some good stuff within a short distance , and I hope they continue improving the bike situation.  And if you just came up with a Right-wing sentiment independently, fine -- although I don't know what a tin-foil hat is.

Kent, Smart Not Dense


<blcokquote>Whereas if you lived in the burbs and it took ya the same amount of time to get to work,

The point is it doesn't.  50 of all travel in Kent is within Kent.   25 percent is to adjoining communities.

Walkable and bikable cities are the best option,

Which is why I'm on the Kent Bicycle Advisory Board working to make Kent even more bikeable and walkable.

usually foster more sense of community and place than burbs do.

Downtown seattle is far more anonymous and desolate than Kent which has festivals, fairs and other activities.   Many group evevts are clustered around schools and churches.   City government provides another hub.
Seattle, because its density, is highly dangerous and unfriendly to bikes and people.

The Exurbian "city" of Kent is the 21st Century.

It will take Seattle at least 100 years to de-densify to a reasonable level that makes it compatible with Everett, Bellevue, Issaquah, Renton and Kent.

As it is now, the old urban center are ancient dinosaurs, throwing their weight around and braying as they sink into the tar pits of modern design.

Texeme.Construct(function(x)=Participation(x))

Sounds like towns to me, bailo

and it sounds like Kent is a well-run town.  Since I live in a town, after living in NYC, I can appreciate that towns can serve many of the same functions as a big city...not all, because towns feed off of the density of the city -- there's a reason Microsoft and Boeing grew up around Seattle, it's because of the advantages of that kind of that density, along with the universities and other knowledge generators, all in close proximity (look up Jane Jacobs writing on this).

Seattle  -- I've never been there, this is all secondhand -- seems to have invented the term "skid row".  I don't know what the shape of its downtown is now, but most American cities let their downtowns turn into, at best, corporate daytime-only, rather sterile entities.  Ideally, as people move back into those downtowns, that will bring in retail, a nightlife, and then it will be much more attractive -- particularly if you get good rail from the towns surrounding Seattle.

Cluster development and burbs...

Downtown seattle is far more anonymous and desolate than Kent which has festivals, fairs and other activities.

I'm thinkin' that has more to do with Seattle's sheer size compared to Kent.  Any large city, dense or burb based, is more likely to have a sense of anonymous than smaller cities.

Dense large cities still foster a better sense of community than large burb cities, though.

It will take Seattle at least 100 years to de-densify to a reasonable level that makes it compatible with Everett, Bellevue, Issaquah, Renton and Kent.

There's a difference between burb development and cluster development.

Burb development is almost entirely residential, with an occassional shopping center or entertainment complex.

Cluster developments are smaller, more dense, and are centered around areas of business as well as shopping and retail.  The cater to all resident's needs-work, live, and play.

Renton, kent, and the others are more akin to large towns or cluster developments than they are to burbs, even if some of the population still commutes to Seattle.

On settlement patterns

All of the research on variable pricing for things associated with driving (be it congestion, insurance, or emissions) indicate that denser, more centrally oriented settlements are the result. By increasing transportation costs, these prices increase the incentive for everyone to be near everyone else.

Think about pre-highway America, when transportation costs were much higher. Cities and towns both were far denser.

You are not logged in. Thus, you cannot post a comment. If you have an account, log in. If you don't have an account, well, by all means go make one! Meet you back here in five.
sign in
Search Gristmill
Subscribe
  • subscribe via RSSStay updated with the Gristmill RSS feed.
  • Add to My Yahoo!
  • Subscribe with Bloglines
  • Subscribe in NewsGator Online
  • Subscribe in Netvibes
  • Subscribe in Google
Using Gristmill
  • What is Gristmill?
  • Posting rules
The comments of Gristmill users reflect the opinions of those individuals only, and do not necessarily reflect the viewpoints of Grist, its staff, its board members, their psychotherapists, or their aestheticians. Got it?

Gristmill is powered by Scoop.

ADVERTISING POLICY


About Grist | Support Grist | Job Board | Archives | Grist by Email | RSS | Podcast
Gristmill Blog | In the News | Ask Umbra | Muckraker | Victual Reality | 'Tis the Season | The Grist List | The Bottom Line



Grist: Environmental News and Commentary
a beacon in the smog (tm) ©2008. Grist Magazine, Inc. All rights reserved. Gloom and doom with a sense of humor®.
Webmaster | Sitemap | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Trademarks